QUESTION:
Is it true? Is the reason Drywood termites expel fecal pellets from their galleries because the pellets release methane which can build up where they live, thereby killing them?
ANSWER:
Oh boy. A fun one, and I am going to have to use restraint to keep from discussing other deadly sources of, shall we say, methane gas?
I appreciate this question, and it allowed me to learn far more than I ever wanted to know about the methane gas produced by drywood termites, but……….heck, trivia is fun. Drywood termites, according to some references I could find, are fairly prolific producers of methane gas, at least in the Termite World they are prolific. And, in the obsession of many people to identify all the sources of this “greenhouse gas” that will be the end of mankind termites have been fingered as one major source of methane. Of course, so has cow flatulence, so we should still keep a skeptical mind on some of the reports. But, in termites the methane appears to be produced by the little colonies of microorganisms that are in the hindgut of termites – protozoa, bacteria, etc. – that are responsible for much of the actual digestion of cellulose and the release of byproducts that the termite then is able to use for its nutrition.
Methane is an extremely common gas in nature, and it is produced by bacteria and other microorganisms wherever anaerobic decomposition takes place. It also is the major component of the natural gas we use in heating and other gas-powered appliances. Drywood termites have a strong motivation to conserve moisture, since they live in such dry environments such as wood with little moisture content. To this end they squeeze out every possible molecule of water before shoving that fecal pellet out their hind end, making the pellet a very dry, hard piece of waste material. I guess that there must be some amount of methane gas still coming off this pellet, since some tiny number of the microorganisms must be excreted along with the pellet, but it would seem to me that this would have to be so infinitesimally small as to be of no consequence in the termite environment. Far more of the methane would have to be generated within the termite by the workings of those microorganisms, and the methane would just leave the termite as gaseous emissions.
So, without finding anyone or any reference to support my belief, I suspect it is just good housekeeping that causes the drywood termites to get rid of all those fecal pellets. These termites work slowly in wood, and probably cherish the small amount of space they have to work in, and having a lot of poop lying around takes up needed space for no reason. Dampwood termites also produce a similar fecal pellet, although it is larger and softer and is just taken to storage areas within the colony and left there. This does not seem to be harmful to the survival of these termites, and methane gas, if any, must be associated with their pellets as well.
Methane detectors are being offered to the termite inspection industry as one possible tool for detecting hidden termites, but if they work at all it would have to be by detecting the much larger amount of methane coming off the living termites rather than their fecal pellets. I say again that I did not find any specific information anywhere on the level of methane produced by the pellets, and this might be an interesting study for some high school student to do – confine drywood termites with their feces and see what effect it has on them.
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