QUESTION:
Can I get leprosy from armadillos?
ANSWER:
When I first saw your question I suspected something new must have hit the airwaves, and sure enough there has been a more or less recent issue that I have overlooked. At least one article on this goes nearly a year ago, so my apologies. It seems that armadillos in the U.S. have been found to carry the bacteria that causes Leprosy, and in at least 25 cases of human leprosy the specific strain of the bacteria was identical in both the humans and in armadillos, and 8 of those infected people had made some contact with armadillos. We often think of leprosy as an ancient disease that must, by now, be a thing of the past. But, in the U.S. each year there are about 150 cases diagnosed, although the vast majority of these are suspected to have been acquired in other parts of the world.
Now, according to some studies reported in the news, it is believed that as much as 15% of the armadillos in the U.S. may be infected with the leprosy bacteria, and therefore are capable of passing this disease onto humans who handle the animals or eat the meat, and some medical personnel even suggest avoiding stuffed armadillos sold as trophy mounts. So far the infected animals appear to be primarily in the South from Texas to Alabama, but as armadillos expand their range they could carry the problem with them.
So, your question of “could” you acquire leprosy from armadillos is answered as YES. But, the odds of this happening are really slim. I suppose we could say that it is possible for you to be stomped by a rampaging elephant in your driveway, but the odds are good that it won’t happen. There are so many other risks that we face each day that to worry about a rare disease spreading from an easily identified and avoided animal is not necessary. In addition, you are in New York, and this makes it even more unlikely that armadillos will be living there anytime soon. Some university experts tell us that the most likely scenario of infection from armadillos is when people eat under-cooked armadillo meat, so even properly cooking the meat should kill the bacteria. Casual contact with the animals or having them around your area is extremely unlikely to pass the disease.
Armadillos are unusual in this case in that it is rare for a human disease to also infect other animals, and armadillos appear to be the only mammal capable of carrying the Leprosy bacteria. Thus, it should not pass along to dogs that may go after armadillos, nor be spread to people who contact pets that may have contacted armadillos. This is a very rare circumstance that can be avoided with basic precautions. However, it is likely that the news media will have a field day with wild headlines, so educating yourself so you can advise your customers with the facts will be important. If you do need to handle armadillos during trapping or other management then wear gloves, long sleeves, and wash your hands afterward.
View past Ask Mr. Pest Control questions.
Pest QuestionsFebruary 08, 2012